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蓝瑛(1585-1664),字田叔,人物画像号蝶叟,晚号石头陀、山公、万篆阿主者、西湖研民。又号东郭老农,所居榜额曰“城曲茅堂” 。钱塘(今浙江杭州)人。是浙派后期代表画家之一。作品有《秋山红叶图》、《江皋话古图》、《白云红树图》、《松岳高秋图》、《苍岩嘉树图》等。
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他是我国明末清初的杰出画家,他是一位十分勤奋的画家,一生以绘画为职业。他的绘画对明末清初影响很大,被后人称为“武林派”,其画派在晚明影响甚大,传其画法者甚多。成就与文征明、沈周并重。
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他工书善画,长于山水、竹石、梅兰、人物、花鸟等,技法全面,尤以山水画著名,是明末清初颇具影响力的山水画家。他的绘画特点比较明显的是用笔有顿挫,以疏秀苍劲取胜,善写秋景。在其作品的题款中,常署仿某家之作,如“仿张僧繇”、“法荆浩”、“仿李成”等,实则所画均为他自己的面目。他的山水绘画画法有两种:一种作钩勒浅绛法,另一种作没骨法,设色鲜艳夺目,所画青山、红树、白云,运用石青、石绿、朱砂、赭石、铅粉诸色,点染别致,是晚明时期富有变化的山水绘画作品。蓝瑛享年八十有余,一生以绘画为职业,笔耕不辍,传世的绘画作品面貌多样,数量众多。
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蓝瑛擅长山水、花卉、兰石,师法宋元名家,早年主要得力于黄公望,作品清 简秀润,韩昴在《图绘宝鉴续纂》中说他:“画从黄子久(即黄公望),入门而醒悟。”中年自立门庭,上窥晋、唐、两宋,遍摹元代诸家笔法,集取优长,由此入门,始能各极变化。不但取法郭熙、李唐及马、夏,而且对二米、云山也精心研究过。对黄公望的画悉心尤力。当代前辈沈周的画也热心师效。加之漫游南北涉猎既广,眼界自宽,故落笔纵横奇古,风格秀润。
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蓝瑛一生以绘画为职业,曾漫游南北,饱览名胜,眼界开阔,因而不断丰富了创作内容。他的传派,直接继承衣钵的有蓝氏一家子孙,如蓝孟、蓝深、蓝涛等,弟子刘度、王奂等都各有成就。明末同时和稍后的如陈洪绶以及金陵八家等著名画家,也都受他的影响。
蓝瑛绘画对明末清初影响很大,被后人称为“武林派”。画史上称之为“后浙派”,将其与戴进、吴伟合称“浙派三大家”。 但实际上他的画风与戴进等不同,不能完全附属于“浙派”之后。蓝瑛字田叔,号蜨叟,晚号石头陀,又号东郭老农,所居榜额曰“城曲茅堂”。
千百年来,为祖国锦绣山河传神写貌的画家,能够开宗立派的屈指可数。蓝瑛的绘画崛起于江南,熔铸古今,独开门庭,这是难能可贵的。
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蓝瑛享世89岁高龄,并且是一个勤奋的画家,流传下来作品亦较多。上海博物馆收藏有66幅真品,如《华岳秋高图》,是画家67岁时所作,构图奇伟、落笔纵横、飞瀑响泉、老树苍山。画中劲松常青,二高士观瀑听泉,怡然自乐。北京故宫博物院藏有如《秋壑霜林图》、《江皋话古图》等代表他各个时期不同风貌的多幅精品。北京市文物管理委员会藏有他早中期所作的《山水》册、《曹册图》卷等。北京故宫博物院如今亦收藏其《白云红树图》,绢本,设色,纵189.4厘米,横48厘米。
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